Benjamin Ryzman
on 18 September 2024
What is the 5G Edge and Multi-Access Edge Computing?
Introduction
The 5G Edge is revolutionising the telecommunications industry by significantly enhancing network performance, bringing computing power closer to users, and dramatically reducing latency, enabling faster and more efficient services. This advancement is crucial for a variety of applications across different sectors, including smart cities, autonomous vehicles, healthcare, and industrial automation.
n practice, 5G Edge refers to the deployment of small, distributed data centres and processing units at the edge of the network—closer to the end-users and devices generating the data. These edge data centres not only host some of the critical 5G network functions but also serve as gateways to other networks, including the internet. By handling data processing and routing locally, they enable more responsive and efficient network services for users and devices that are regionally close to each other.
Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC), on the other hand, is a complementary technology that brings cloud computing capabilities to the network’s edge. MEC allows for the deployment of applications and services directly at these edge locations, enabling rapid processing of data as it is generated. This reduces the need for data to travel back to centralised data centres, further improving response times.
5G Edge and Multi-access Edge Computing make real-time processing possible. This opens the door to numerous other benefits as it allows for instantaneous decision-making and data-analysis, which is critical for several innovations. This capability not only improves existing services but also enables the development of entirely new applications and business models, further driving the evolution of the telecommunications landscape.
In this blog, we’ll explore specific use cases of 5G Edge and MEC and discuss the benefits, as well as the requirements and constraints for service providers.
Embracing the future with improved technical capabilities
Implementing the 5G Edge and Multi-Access Edge Computing presents telecommunication service providers with numerous technical benefits, from optimised network performance and increased operational efficiency to enhanced security and greater flexibility.
Optimised Network Performance
One of the key benefits is the optimisation of network performance. By processing data closer to users, latency is significantly reduced, and data speeds are increased. This enhancement is crucial for maintaining a high-quality network service and supporting advanced applications that require real-time processing.
Increased Operational Efficiency
Thanks to local data processing, the strain on central data centres and core networks is alleviated. This decentralised approach allows for more efficient resource management and smoother data traffic handling. The result is cost savings and improved service quality, which directly benefit the provider’s operations.
Flexibility and Customisation
Network slicing, a key feature of 5G, allows service providers to create multiple virtual networks within a single physical infrastructure, each tailored to specific needs. This capability provides greater flexibility, enabling providers to optimise their networks for different applications. For example, during a large-scale event like a concert, a telco could allocate a dedicated network slice to handle the surge in live video streaming and social media activity, ensuring a seamless experience for users. This flexibility allows providers to customise services, dynamically allocate resources, and meet the diverse demands of various industries and customers.
Unlocking New Business Opportunities
Technical benefits translate into an enhanced service for your customers. Here are some of the doors that Multi-Access Edge Computing and the 5G Edge can unlock for you.
New Revenue Streams and Increased ARPU
5G Edge provides service providers with opportunities to introduce innovative offerings that can significantly increase revenue and average revenue per user (ARPU). By supporting services such as enhanced real-time streaming, interactive gaming, and smart city applications, providers can tap into new markets and customer segments. These new offerings not only drive revenue but also attract premium customers willing to pay for advanced capabilities.
Bringing Value to Society
The deployment of 5G Edge and MEC also enables telecom companies to move to the forefront of bringing value to wider society. Improved healthcare through telemedicine, safer transportation with autonomous vehicles, and more efficient energy management in smart cities are just a few examples of how these technologies can positively impact communities. By addressing these critical needs, telcos can strengthen their societal role and contribute to overall public welfare.
Monetise Innovative Solutions
The capabilities of 5G Edge and MEC open up numerous monetisation opportunities. But the urgency to act is real. Service providers can offer edge computing as a service (ECaaS) to businesses looking to improve their operational efficiency and customer experience. Hyperscalers have already launched edge computing products and if telcos don’t act quickly by leveraging the need for edge analytics, IoT applications, and real-time data processing, they risk being left behind instead of creating new revenue streams. Telecom providers must capitalise on their unique network position to offer edge computing services, or they may lose valuable market share to these tech giants.
Enhanced Security
Implementing 5G Edge and Multi-Access Edge Computing allows for a more robust security framework. Localised data processing means that data can be secured more effectively. It protects sensitive information by keeping it in specific geographic regions closer to its source, reducing the need for long-distance transmission. Advanced encryption techniques and secure access controls can be enforced directly at the edge. The attack surface is reduced and threats can be detected and addressed more quickly, providing stronger protection for critical applications.
Transforming Industries with 5G Edge and Multi-Access Edge Computing
Various industries, such as entertainment, manufacturing and automotive, can benefit from these technologies by enabling advanced capabilities and fostering the development of innovative applications. Let’s explore the key sectors which can make the most of these advancements.
Entertainment and Media
The entertainment and media industries benefit from low latency and high bandwidth capabilities. Live streaming, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) experiences require rapid data processing and delivery, in order to ensure a seamless and immersive experience for users. One of the most immediate and impactful applications of 5G Edge technology is in improving real-time streaming and interactive gaming experiences by supporting the stringent requirements of content delivery networks (CDNs).
Industrial Automation
In industrial settings, advancements in automation and robotics are driven by real-time data processing from sensors and machines, which can be made possible by the low latency and localised computing power provided by 5G Edge and MEC. This optimises production lines, reduces downtime, and enables predictive maintenance, which is when a system takes immediate interventions before machinery fails, increasing efficiency and productivity.
Time-critical use case categories (Source: Ericsson, 2021)
Smart Cities
Smart cities integrate digital technology and connected devices to improve the quality of life for residents. They make urban areas more sustainable, efficient and responsive to the needs of the population. With 5G Edge and Multi-Access Edge Computing they can leverage real-time data processing and analytics to manage urban infrastructure more efficiently. Traffic management systems can optimise flow, reduce congestion, and improve public safety through instant data processing. Additionally, smart grids can enhance energy distribution and quickly respond to outages.
Autonomous Vehicles
The automotive industry is being significantly transformed by these technologies, which enable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Autonomous vehicles rely on rapid data processing and low-latency communication to make real-time decisions. V2V communication is enabled not only through direct communication between vehicles but also by processing and relaying data via nearby compute resources. Processing data closer to the vehicle with MEC ensures faster response times for vehicles exchanging information with each other and with surrounding infrastructure, enhancing overall safety and efficiency in traffic management. This capability is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of self-driving cars as they navigate complex environments.
Healthcare
In healthcare, telemedicine and remote monitoring can benefit immensely from MEC and the 5G edge. Real-time transmission of high-resolution medical images and patient data enables timely and accurate diagnosis. With the help of 5G, remote surgeries become more feasible with minimised latency, ensuring precise control and communication, as surgeons in PRC, Germany, Spain and Italy have demonstrated (Pandav K, et al. “Leveraging 5G technology for robotic surgery and cancer care”, Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 5(8), Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1595).
Navigating the Path to 5G Edge and Multi-access Edge Computing
Implementing the 5G Edge opens a world of possibilities for telecommunication service providers, but successful implementation requires a solid understanding of its unique requirements and constraints.
Building the Infrastructure of the Future
The journey begins with substantial upgrades to network infrastructure. As discussed, establishing edge data centres close to end-users ensures optimal coverage and ultra-low latency. Achieving this involves deploying a dense network of small cells integrated with macro cell sites to create comprehensive, seamless coverage. Network slicing becomes vital, enabling the creation of virtual networks tailored to specific applications, dynamically allocating resources to meet diverse needs.
Harnessing Cutting-edge Technology
Service providers must invest in high-performance computing hardware capable of real-time data processing. Edge computing nodes require powerful processors, ample memory, and significant storage capacity. Cloud-native computing is crucial, leveraging containerization and microservices for agility and scalability. NFV allows network functions to run on virtual machines, offering flexibility and reducing reliance on specialised hardware. SDN provides centralised control, facilitating dynamic adjustments and real-time optimization.
In our report, “Cloud-native network transformation and the 5G edge”, we delve into how telcos can achieve successful cloudification in 6 key steps.
Download OMDIA 2024 report on cloud-native network transformation and the 5G edge ›
Ensuring Robust Security
The distributed nature of 5G Edge and Multi-Access Edge Computing makes securing edge nodes more crucial than ever. Unlike centralised networks, where security can be concentrated, edge nodes are spread across various locations, often in less secure environments. This setup makes robust access controls and physical security measures essential to prevent unauthorised access. Additionally, ensuring secure data transmission and maintaining consistent security updates across all nodes are critical tasks that require efficient management tools to address the unique challenges of this decentralised infrastructure.
Overcoming Operational Challenges
Managing a distributed network of edge nodes requires sophisticated orchestration and management tools. These tools must offer visibility and control over the entire network infrastructure, in order to ensure smooth operation. Scalability is critical: the network must seamlessly expand to accommodate an increasing number of connected devices and growing data demands. This includes scaling both physical infrastructure and software management systems to handle greater loads without compromising performance.
Navigating Regulatory Landscapes
Service providers must adeptly navigate a complex regulatory landscape. Compliance with local, national, and international regulations regarding data privacy, security, and telecommunications standards is a business imperative. This involves obtaining the necessary licences, adhering to data protection laws, and ensuring interoperability with existing systems.
Staying informed about evolving regulatory requirements and adapting swiftly to changes is crucial for maintaining compliance and avoiding legal issues. Some recent regulatory requirements that significantly impact 5G Edge applications include the Telecommunications Security Code of Practice (TSCP) and the Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure Act (PSTIA) in the UK, the EU Electronic Communications Code and the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) in the European Union, and the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA) along with the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) in the United States.
Read our CISO, Stephanie Domas, insights on the Cyber Resilience Act in her recent blog post ›
Conclusion
Implementing the 5G Edge and Multi-Access Edge Computing offers telecommunication service providers the opportunity to reshape their network operations, enhance performance and introduce innovative services. However, this requires making significant infrastructure investments, navigating technical complexities and ensuring regulatory compliance.
Discover Canonical’s portfolio of software and services solutions for the 5G Edge ›
Canonical brings extensive expertise in supporting telcos with the implementation of 5G Edge. By leveraging Canonical’s carrier-grade open-source software stack, which addresses all infrastructure needs, service providers can seamlessly integrate 5G Edge and Multi-Access Edge Computing into their existing networks. Our deep knowledge in cloud-native technology, NFV, and SDN ensures a smooth transition. Canonical’s security solutions offer up to 12 years of support and maintenance, safeguarding data integrity across more than 30,000 software packages and all your Docker containers. Moreover, our scalable management, orchestration, and infrastructure automation tools enable efficient operations and scalability.
